Similar results were found in relation to NO X. Living in close proximity to a road with equal to or greater than 8640 cars/day (compared to 0–8639 cars/day), was not associated with higher incidence of ever dispensed oral antihistamine or nasal anti-allergic medication, with or without adjustment for confounders (sex, breastfeeding, parental allergy, parental origin, season, and year of birth). Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses. Individual level covariate information was obtained from questionnaires distributed to parents at Child Health Care-center visits, eight months after birth. Traffic intensity and yearly averages of dispersion-modeled concentrations of NO X (100 × 100 m grid) at residential addresses, were linked with registry data on dispensed allergy medication (the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register). Of these children, N = 7898, had additional covariate information. We investigated a birth cohort in southern Sweden, consisting of N = 26 128 children (0–6 years) with health outcome and exposure data. The underlying aim was to investigate if children growing up close to traffic pollution are at higher risk of developing allergy in early childhood. This study investigated the relationship between living close to traffic and ever dispense of prescribed oral antihistamines or nasal anti-allergic medication, among young children. Epidemiologic studies have shown conflicting results regarding the role of traffic pollution in the development of allergic disease.
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